The Niagara Escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, designated for its unique landform characteristics and the presence of a provincial land use plan to guide development in its area. It is one of only 16 biosphere reserves in Canada, and is part of a network of 598 in 117 countries.The Niagara Escarpment is a massive ridge of fossil-rich sedimentary rock which began its formation 450 million years ago as the outer rim of a shallow sea known geologically as the Michigan Basin. Furthermore, the Niagara Escarpment includes some of Ontario’s best skiing, camping, swimming, fishing, boating, hiking, and scenic viewing.